Fuentes de Oñoro 1811

Cover; Title; Contents; Origins of the Campaign; Chronology; Opposing Plans; Opposing Leaders; Opposing Armies; The Lines of Torres Vedras; The French Face the Lines; Masséna's Retreat; The Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro; Aftermath; The Battlefields Today; Orders of Battle; Further Reading; Related Titles; Imprint.;In October 1810 the Allied position in Portugal appeared precarious. Despite defeating Marshal Massena's French army at Bussaco, Wellington had been forced to retreat to within a few miles of Lisbon. Here the French encountered a massive line of fortifications stretching from the River Tagus to the sea. Built amid great secrecy and on Wellington's specific orders, these Lines of Torres Vedras were the French high-water mark. In February, with his army on the point of starvation, Massena was forced to retreat and the scene was set for the climactic action of Fuentes de O-oro.